Question 2: Phys., 10, 75157531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7515-2010, 2010.a, b, c, d, Bonekamp, P., Collier, E., and Immerzeel, W.: The Impact of Spatial Resolution, The differences in the valley winds between the valleys are discussed in Sect.5, and the conclusions are given in Sect.6. These Himalayan valleys have very different topographies compared with the much more extensively studied valleys in the European Alps and Rocky Mountains. %Icon% - This is replaced with the image tag 
This is more useful if it is embedded inside a div code block. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1669:TRBOSS>2.0.CO;2, 1993.a, b, Yang, K., Guyennon, N., Ouyang, L., Tian, L., Tartari, G., and Salerno, F.: Please note that built-in geocoder functionality has been deprecated. You are already using a Unit of Measure by defining the Item as Number:Speed. The simulation used in this study is identical to the simulation that Bianchi etal. So now, if you want to access weather data according to Zip code then you can do so in very easy way. The description of the along-valley winds is mostly based on the 2021December period, when the thermally driven winds were well defined in the valleys, but the 1819December period is also considered in the text. regional climate model across a Himalayan catchment, Atmos. Here, the cross-valley wind is perpendicular to the along-valley wind, but it is calculated at the slopes 5 to 10 grid points away from the valley centre line. As implied by the name, OpenWeather is a weather tracking and visualization plugin. The entrances into the Makalu and Kanchanjunga valleys are, in contrast, open without any such obstacles. The RMSE in the 2m temperature ranges from 2.5 to 2.7K for daytime (06:0018:00LT) and from 2.2 to 3.5 for night-time (18:0006:00LT) (Table2). Tip: These strings can contain anything you want, not just weather information. Laj, P., Lehtipalo, K., Kangasluoma, J., Kerminen, V., Kontkanen, J., The horizontal grid spacing decreases to 9km (d02), 3km (d03) and finally to 1km in the innermost domain, which covers an area of 288300km. In the WRF simulation performed by Bonekamp etal. Serafin, S. and Zardi, D.: Daytime Heat Transfer Processes Related to Slope Potter, E.R., Orr, A., Willis, I.C., Bannister, D., and Wagnon, P.: diSarra, A.G., Evangelisti, F., Duchi, R., Facchini, M., Fuzzi, S., Gobbi, Please add products before saving :). You can also get the data according to your requirement instead of getting whole data. Monsoon Weather Observed in the Nepal Himalaya, Mon. Now we will see how to access weather data in python using openweathermap API. Bonekamp, P., Collier, E., and Immerzeel, W.: The Impact of Spatial Resolution, The OpenWeatherMap weather integrations uses OpenWeatherMap as a source for current meteorological data for your location. Chem. The spin-up time of 12h from the beginning of the simulation is excluded. Model evaluation against meteorological observations from three automatic weather stations in the Khumbu Valley (one of the four valleys) shows a good agreement between the modelled and observed daily cycle of the near-surface wind speed and direction. The kind of precipitation (Rain, Snow, Snow and Rain, None) for the last hour. Soc., 91, 10151058, (2015). Meteorol. The period of this case study was selected to coincide with the measurement campaign by Bianchi etal. The along-valley wind component in Fig.6 is the average of five grid points along the valley centre line around the crosses to describe the wind in a larger part of the valley, instead of only at one grid point. In the case of the two westernmost valleys the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys the valley centre lines were extended due south over the perpendicular barrier from the valley entrance instead of continuing with the algorithm until the plain is reached. Snow Here, (xi,yi) denote the coordinates of the ith grid point on the valley centre line in the inner model domain grid. 25072522, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR2298.1, 2008.a, b, c, Wagner, J. S., Gohm, A., and Rotach, M. W.: Influence of along-valley terrain heterogeneity on exchange processes over idealized valleys, Atmos. Note: You will need to verify your email address, then your API key will be emailed to you. 1,000 API calls per day for free! This product collects weather warnings from the major weather warning systems and presents them in a uniform and convenient data format. Although in the cross-valley circulation the subsiding air causes local warming in the core of the valley atmosphere, the net effect of the cross-valley circulation is to export heat out of the valley atmosphere due to the overshooting up-slope winds at the valley crests (Schmidli,2013). OpenWeather is a team of IT experts and data scientists that has been practising deep weather data science. The daytime valley winds propagate into the entrances of the two westernmost valleys (Gaurishankar and Khumbu) over the perpendicular topographic barrier from the plain (Figs.2b; 3a, b). It is a fast and easy-to-work weather APIs. Mountain tops reaching above 8000m in the inner domain (d04) of the simulation: Mount Everest, Kanchanjunga, Lhotse, Makalu and Cho Oyu. Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled, [openweathermap] How to get windspeed in km/h. # Accessing Temperature, temperature resides in main and its key is temp, # Accessing wind speed, it resides in wind and its key is speed, # Accessing Description, it resides in weather and its key is description, # Accessing Latitude, it resides in coord and its key is lat, # Accessing Longitude, it resides in coord and its key is lon, Python GUI Login Graphical Registration And, 6 Best Python IDEs for Windows to Make You More Productive, Python Switch Case Statement Tutorial Three, Speech Recognition Python Converting Speech to Text, Python Screenshot Tutorial How To Take, Python Chatbot Build Your Own Chatbot With Python, Wikipedia API Python Scrapping Wikipedia With Python, Python Turtle Module A Complete Guide For Creating Graphics In Python, Run Python On Android How To Run Python Programs On Android, Python Rest API Example using Bottle Framework, Merge Sort Python Tutorial An Efficient Way Of Sorting, Python Pandas Tutorial Data Analysis With Python And Pandas. Positive values indicate higher potential temperatures at 15:00LT than at 09:00LT. This study concentrates on four valleys located in the Nepal Himalayas during a 4d period in December 2014. The scale measures multiple environmental factors: air temperature, radiant heat, humidity and wind speed, based on readings taken at five different locations around the tournament. Get current up-to-date real-time weather conditions to be able to make better business decisions by understanding how weather conditions can affect your drivers. G.P., Maione, M., Panday, A., Roccato, F., Sellegri, K., Venzac, H., Verza, Please note that built-in geocoder functionality has been deprecated. Schmidli, J.: Daytime Heat Transfer Processes over Mountainous Terrain, J. Atmos. Phys., 15, 65896603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6589-2015, 2015.a, b, c, d, e, f, g, Whiteman, C. D.: Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications, New York, Oxford University Press, (2021) found that WRF struggled to accurately simulate the diurnal variation in wind speed, especially during daytime and when wind conditions changed from high to low, over the Central Himalayas. The valley topographical characteristics are described in Sect.3. Therefore, in this study, we do not attempt to provide a climatology of the thermally driven winds. The simulation is evaluated using meteorological observations from three AWSs in the Khumbu Valley. The modelled and observed 2m temperature and 5m winds are shown as a time series in the Supplement (Fig.S1). Dynamical Drivers of the Local Wind Regime in a Himalayan Valley, J. Geophys. Day-to-day variation in the along-valley winds is low, the along-valley wind speeds vary less than 2ms1 in each part of the valley, and the onset and offset of the up-valley winds vary by less than 1h during 1821December. The standard score of the daily average wind speed compared to the 40-year monthly means is shown by the black contours with a contour interval of 1SD. The narrowing and widening of the valley topography can be important for the valley volume effect related to the along-valley winds. I hope you found it helpful so share this with others. The qualitative difference between the spatial pattern of the thermal structure of the valley atmospheres on 20 and21December is small (Fig.10a, c, e and g compared with Fig.10b, d, f and h). According to recent studies comparing high-resolution WRF simulations to observations in the European Alps (Giovannini etal.,2014a, b) and in the Himalayas (Collier and Immerzeel,2015; Karki etal.,2017; Potter etal.,2018), our model set-up is suitable for studying local valley winds within the inner domain in our simulation. 2014a.a, Giovannini, L., Zardi, D., deFranceschi, M., and Chen, F.: Numerical the unified NOAH land surface model in the WRF model, 20th conference on You can use this parameter to get the output in your language. Climatol., 34, 11111131. The valley depth (the difference between the ridge and valley centre line heights) is lowest in the Gaurishankar Valley. The Khumbu Valley is an exception, as the valley becomes broader (i.e. Overall, the 400hPa wind speed and direction are similar between our simulation and the daily averages of ERA5 (Sect.2.1). Impact of summer monsoon on the elevation-dependence of meteorological The rain has suspended play on outdoor courts for hours. So now lets see the result. Then send it to yourself, or a friend, with a link to retrieve it at any time. 3. The along-valley winds at night are weak in all four valleys and generally remain in the up-valley direction (night-time is shown using shading in Fig.6). Selecting a onecall forecast mode with the free tier leverages the One Call API, resulting in updates every 5 minutes and is recommended for both hourly and daily forecast. This way, the dominant driving mechanism of the along-valley winds, within the valleys, could shift from the valley volume effect to buoyant forcing due to the inclination. If you need to convert city names and zip-codes to geo coordinates and the other way around automatically, please use our Geocoding API. Model Dev., 14, 14271443, City ID. The depth of the up-valley wind layer is defined based on the model level at which the clear diurnal cycle vanishes in the along-valley wind time series (not shown, but one model level is shown in Fig.6). For the inner domain (d04), this means a time step of approximately 1s. The nudging was only performed above the atmospheric boundary layer. reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Makalu and Kanchanjunga, on the other hand, have a 40km long almost flat portion close to the valley entrance and no barrier.
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