why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica

Why did Shackleton go to Antarctica? Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was buried on the island of South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean. [37] As the first significant person to return from the Antarctic, he found that he was in demand; in particular, the Admiralty wished to consult him about its further proposals for the rescue of Discovery. The Endurance didn't even reach land before it was trapped in the ice. "[22], Discovery departed London on 31 July 1901, arriving at the Antarctic coast, via Cape Town and New Zealand, on 8 January 1902. [126] On 16 September 1921, Shackleton recorded a farewell address on a sound-on-film system created by Harry Grindell Matthews, who claimed it was the first "talking picture" ever made. Later in the 20th century, Shackleton was "rediscovered",[4] and became a role model for leadership in extreme circumstances.[5]. [61], On Shackleton's return home, public honours were quickly forthcoming. [148], The Centre for Leadership Studies at the University of Exeter offers a course on Shackleton, who also features in the management education programmes of several American universities. [169], "Shackleton" redirects here. Emily Shackleton later recorded: "The only comment he made to me about not reaching the Pole was 'a live donkey is better than a dead lion, isn't it?' Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer of Antarctica who attempted to reach the South Pole. His handling of the ships under his command combined with his understanding of Antarctic conditions was crucial to the safety of the expeditions he undertook with Ernest Shackleton and Douglas Mawson. [118] In the midst of seeking capital, his plans foundered when Northern Russia fell to Bolshevik control. A sledging party, led by Shackleton, reached within 97 nautical miles (112 statute miles or 180 km) of the South Pole, and another, under T.W. He was a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Disaster struck this expedition when its ship, Endurance, became trapped in pack ice and was slowly crushed before the shore parties could be landed. (equivalent to 32,306 in 2021[135]) which he bequeathed to his wife. Longstaff, impressed by Shackleton's keenness, recommended him to Sir Clements Markham, the expedition's overlord, making it clear that he wanted Shackleton accepted. When did Ernest Shackleton reach Antarctica? [124][125], The plan changed; the destination became the Antarctic, and the project was defined by Shackleton as an "oceanographic and sub-antarctic expedition". Shackleton then worked hard to persuade others of his wealthy friends and acquaintances to contribute, including Sir Philip Lee Brocklehurst, who subscribed 2,000 (approximately equivalent to 212,000 in 2019) to secure a place on the expedition;[46] author Campbell Mackellar; and Guinness baron Lord Iveagh, whose contribution was secured less than two weeks before the departure of the expedition ship Nimrod. Disaster struck when his ship, the Endurance, was crushed by ice. The Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1914-1917 . [89] She drifted slowly northward with the ice through the following months. The Endurance Expedition was a British mission to cross the Antarctic on foot in 1914-17. [f][75] The transcontinental journey, in Shackleton's words, was the "one great object of Antarctic journeyings" remaining, now open to him. "[8] In his final term at the school he was still able to achieve fifth place in his class of thirty-one. After the race to the South Pole ended in December 1911, with Roald Amundsen's conquest, Shackleton turned his attention to the crossing of Antarctica from sea to sea, via the pole. Shackleton's will was proven in London on 12 May 1922. It was named after Shackleton'sfamily motto: "Fortitudine vincimus" (By endurance we conquer). (, Shackleton stood as political candidate in Dundee but finished fourth of five candidates, with 3,865 votes to the victor's 9,276. Ernest Shackleton and his second in command Frank Wild (left foreground) pose for a photo at Ocean Camp, after their ship, Endurance, was trapped in ice in February 1915. The expedition, prevented by ice from reaching the intended base site in Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Ross Island, McMurdo Sound. The story that would unfold was to be beyond any expectations and completely different to that planned. When Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition left South Georgia Island on 5 December 1914 to assist his bid to be the first to cross the Antarctic continent, he had no idea that a year and a half later he would end up on a rescue mission trekking across the very same subantarctic island where he started. [27] Scott chose Shackleton to accompany Wilson and himself on the expedition's southern journey, a march southwards to achieve the highest possible latitude in the direction of the South Pole. What was Ernest Shackleton famous for? Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton's century-old whisky has been retrieved. Shackleton served in the British army during World War I and served as a military advisor in the multinational North Russia Expeditionary Force during the Russian Civil War. The inscription on the rough-hewn granite block set to mark the spot reads: "Frank Wild 18731939, Shackleton's right-hand man. His people-centred approach to leadership can be a guide to anyone in a position of authority". On 27 November 2011, the ashes of Frank Wild were interred on the right-hand side of Shackleton's gravesite in Grytviken. The attempt this week to find Sir Ernest Shackleton's missing ship, the Endurance, has ended - without success. [27][28], The party set out on 2 November 1902. [19], Although Discovery was not a Royal Navy unit, Scott required the crew, officers and scientific staff to submit to the conditions of the Naval Discipline Act, and the ship and expedition were run on Royal Navy lines. Why did Ernest Shackleton want to go to Antarctica? This ignited his passion for Antarctic . Like many great tales, Shackleton's story is one of failure. Shackleton delayed his own departure until 27 September, meeting the ship in Buenos Aires.[85]. They did whatever they could. [149] In Boston, a "Shackleton School" was set up on "Outward Bound" principles, with the motto "The Journey is Everything". This group, despite many hardships, had carried out its depot-laying mission to the full, but three lives had been lost, including that of its commander, Aeneas Mackintosh.[111]. Endurance did not have that hull shape. Of later independent fame was the photographer Frank Hurley, known on this mission for his perilous shots. There was a (male) cat named Mrs Chippy that belonged to the carpenter Harry McNish. [118], For his "valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in North Russia" Shackleton was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 King's Birthday Honours,[119] and was also mentioned in despatches by General Ironside. He was a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. [97] This was the first time they had stood on solid ground for 497days. But when ice trapped his ship Endurance, his mission instantly changed from exploration to pure survival. In January 2013, a joint British-Australian team set out to duplicate Shackleton's 1916 trip across the Southern Ocean. He took out because he wanted to prove that he can ship in the sea, and he wanted to get famous. The sledging party returned to the base camp in late February 1909, but they discovered that the Nimrod had set sail some two days earlier. [116] On the way he was taken ill in Troms, possibly with a heart attack. Shackleton refused to pack supplies for more than four weeks, knowing that if they did not reach South Georgia within that time, the boat and its crew would be lost. His first expedition, Discovery, took place between 1901 and 1903. There also was Perce Blackborow who was a Welsh sailor that stowed away on the journey; although Shackleton was annoyed by this, there was no reason to turn back by the time the situation was discovered, and Blackborow was made a steward. [h][102][103] Not only did Shackleton recognise their value for the job but also because he knew the potential risk they were to morale. [37], In search of more permanent employment, Shackleton applied for a regular commission in the Royal Navy, via the back-door route of the Supplementary List,[39] but despite the sponsorship of Markham and William Huggins, the president of the Royal Society, he was not successful. Ernest Shackleton took Spratt's on his Nimrod (1907-1909) and Endurance (1914-1917) expeditions, where they were part of a doggy diet that also included seal meat, blubber, biscuits and pemmican, a high-energy mix of fat and protein. 2 . The party was forced to ride out the storm offshore, in constant danger of being dashed against the rocks. Consequently, Shackleton decided to risk an open-boat journey to the 720-nautical-mile-distant South Georgia whaling stations, where he knew help was available. His first three attempts were foiled by sea ice, which blocked the approaches to the island. Wiki User. Sadly, Shackleton died of a heart attack, one month shy of his 48th birthday while moored in South Georgia. Go on a trip C. Get an assistant 15 1.5 22.5 . After a period of rest and recuperation, rather than risk putting to sea again to reach the whaling stations on the northern coast, Shackleton decided to attempt a land crossing of the island. by Jessica Brain. Mackintosh, sailed in the Aurora and laid depots as far as latitude 8330 S for the use of the Trans-Antarctic party; three of this party died on the return journey. Shackleton and five others sailed 800 miles (1,300 km) to South Georgia in a whale boat, a 16-day journey across a stretch of dangerous ocean, before landing on the southern side of South Georgia. In 1901 he got a place on Captain Robert Falcon Scott 's first Antarctic expedition. It is likely that many debts were not pressed and were written off. A century ago a ship sank beneath the ice of the Weddell Sea off Antarctica. Thus physicist Reginald James was asked if he could sing;[81] others were accepted on sight because Shackleton liked the look of them, or after the briefest of interrogations. On January 4, 1922, Ernest Shackleton's ship, the Quest, finally reached South Georgia, an ice-capped island in the South Atlantic Ocean. [155] That same year, on the date of what would have been Shackleton's 137th birthday, Google honoured him with a Google Doodle. [86][87], Endurance departed from South Georgia for the Weddell Sea on 5 December, heading for Vahsel Bay. "[34] There is no corroboration of Armitage's story. Shackletons publications were The Heart of the Antarctic (1909) and South (1919), the latter an account of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Scott's . March 24, 2002. [149] Shackleton has also been cited as a model leader by the US Navy, and in a textbook on Congressional leadership, Peter L Steinke calls Shackleton the archetype of the "nonanxious leader" whose "calm, reflective demeanor becomes the antibiotic warning of the toxicity of reactive behaviour". In 1912 Sir Ernest Shackleton began plans to organise the Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition to achieve this challenge. Ernest H. Shackleton 1874-1922. This disparity continued into the 1950s. [162] This expedition was made into a documentary film,[163] screening as Chasing Shackleton on PBS in the US, and Shackleton: Death or Glory elsewhere on the Discovery Channel. Shackleton abandoned one cherished goal and shouldered . Where did Ernest Shackleton attend school? Launched in August 1914, the expedition became one of the most famous survival stories of all time after . On Sunday afternoon Shackleton took the ship off Margate and on Monday morning Shackleton went ashore and . The attitudes of his men were a point of emphasis in leading his men back to safety. After the darkness of the Antarctic winter, the return of the sun was a major event in 1915 . An Anglo-Irish adventurer, he became a pivotal figure in the era later characterised as the "Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration", thanks to the laudable and ambitious . [124] The goals of the venture were imprecise, but a circumnavigation of the Antarctic continent and investigation of some "lost" sub-Antarctic islands, such as Tuanaki, were mentioned as objectives.[126]. Falcon Scott & # x27 ; s story is one of the famous... Ernest Shackleton & # x27 ; s century-old whisky has been retrieved reach land it... Stations, where he knew help was available off Margate and on Monday morning went. 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