[56], In the more maritime and generally wetter Russian Far East, Kamchatka, exposed during winter to moisture from the Aleutian Low, has much more extensive glaciation totaling around 906km2 (350sqmi) with 448 known glaciers as of 2010. The overall retreat from 1878 to 1998 has been 2km (1.2mi) with a mean annual retreat rate of approximately 17m (56ft) per year. This hike starts at Lake Louise. Contemporary Canadian Vegetarian Friendly, Steakhouse Canadian Gluten Free Options, - Southwestern Canadian Vegetarian Friendly, Speciality Museums Natural History Museums, Points of Interest & Landmarks Historic Walking Areas, Natural History Museums Educational sites. Alaska 4) and separates the ice cone from the main body of area C. However, this does not preclude a correlation of the Packard drift with the Ross Sea I glaciation. There is apparently no supply from Wilson Piedmont Glacier. By 1995 the lake had swollen to a length of 1.94km (1.21mi), 1.13km (0.70mi) in width and a depth of 107m (351ft). Glaciers are retreating worldwide, exposing new terrain to colonization by plants. Ice C has thinned sufficiently to reduce greatly the flow rate. A set of ogive-like structures adjacent to the northern shear zone forms a single synclinal fold (or monoclinal fold as the south limb fades into unfoliated ice), with a steep up-stream plunge of 54 (Fig. What is the average depth of the glaciers in this area? The tongue is typical of the glaciers of the area which carry minimal surficial debris and terminate at ice-cliffed margins (Reference ChinnChinn, 1980, Reference Chinn1981). [169] A study published in 2015 concluded that Totten Glacier, has the largest contribution of ice thinning rate on the East Antarctic continent, and that the thinning is driven by enhanced basal melting, because of ocean processes, and affected by polynya activity. Mendenhall Glacier as seen from near the West Glacier Trail on April 18, 2021. There is little evidence of recent fluctuations of these glaciers. [70] In Sikkim, 26 glaciers examined between the years 1976 and 2005 were retreating at an average rate of 13.02m (42.7ft) per year. London [63] Change in temperature has led to melting and the formation and expansion of glacial lakes which could cause an increase in the number of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Mass-balance measurements of Iceland's glaciers show alternating positive and negative mass balance of glaciers during the period 198795, but the mass balance has been predominantly negative since. [153], According to one study, in the years 20022019 Greenland lost 4,550 gigaton of ice, 268 gigaton per year, on average. In the Canadian Rockies, glaciers are generally larger and more widespread than to the south in the Rocky Mountains. I may be confused, but the map accompanying this location doesn't appear to be Victoria Glacier. I always remember the name because of my own name which is Victoria, so I think it quite an honor. From field evidence and an englacial radiocarbon date, it is interpreted that over the past few thousand years Victoria Lower Glacier has either (a) advanced over salt-rich laminated sediments, about 20 200 year old, to a position a little beyond the present terminus, or (b) advanced over the sediments during the latter part of the Ross Sea I glaciation and extended inland to deposit the Packard drift, the algal sediments being only recently plucked from the glacier bed to be transported to their present position in the ice of the terminus. VAT no. In Denali National Park, all glaciers monitored are retreating, with an average retreat of 20m (66ft) per year. The terminus of sthis ice extends further inland than that of area C but, although active, it does exhibit recessional features. Most of the world's freshwater ice is contained within its sheets. The glacier was named in 1891 by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey for Henry Laurens Dawes, a lawyer and statesman in . [168] Thwaites Glacier, which has also shown evidence of thinning, has been referred to as the weak underbelly of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Chemical analyses were made of ice samples from the different ice bodies and the results are listed in Table I together with the results of similar analyses, given for comparison, which were made at Meserve Glacier in the adjacent Wright Valley (Reference Holdsworth and BullHoldsworth and Bull, 1970). Victoria Lower Glacier was found to comprise ice derived from two separate sources joined at a wide zone of intense foliation, approximately bisecting the tongue (Fig. Do you need to book in advance to visit Victoria Glacier? Profile of Victoria Lower Glacier at 20 200 year BP. Victoria Lower Glacier and adjacent glaciers:contours and flow lines showing directions of ice flow. [95] This is a systemic trend with loss in mass equating to loss in thickness, which leads to increasing retreatthe glaciers are not only retreating, but they are also becoming much thinner. [10][12], Excluding peripheral glaciers of ice sheets, the total cumulated global glacial losses over the 26 year period from 19932018 were likely 5500 gigatons, or 210 gigatons per yr.[1]:65. 4) where strong deformation occurs where ice B and C flows around the stagnant ice cone. The level of this ice is slightly above that of nv area B, whichmay increase exposure to the wind, thus accounting for the absence of snow accumulation. [47] This figure was exceeded in 2006 with five glaciers retreating over 100m (330ft) from the fall of 2005 to the fall of 2006. Thick beds of discoloured ice at the terminus of ice body C. Between 1971 and 1975 Ivory Glacier receded 30m (98ft) from the glacial terminus, and about 26% of its surface area was lost. It is expected that due to their proximity to the heavy moisture of the Congo region, the glaciers in the Ruwenzori Range may recede at a slower rate than those on Kilimanjaro or in Kenya. 8a, contained beds of algae which provided sufficient material for a radiocarbon date (Fig. Thwaites glacier, also known as "Doomsday glacier," is one of the fastest-retreating glaciers in Antarctica. [147], Jakobshavn Isbr in west Greenland, a major outlet glacier of the Greenland Ice Sheet, was the fastest moving glacier in the world over the past half century. 8. Moraine receding from Victoria Glacier. In 2019 Greenland lost 600 gigaton of ice in two months contributing 2.2mm to global sea level rise[154]. [166], A study published in 2014 found, rapid grounding line retreat in the years 19922011. [146] Researchers also noted that the acceleration was widespread affecting almost all glaciers south of 70 N by 2005. Subtle foliation was frequently more easily discerned if cut sections were left for a day or more for the streak of fractures and chips to sublime. Of the 14 glaciers studied, five had disappeared altogether. Chemical composition of ice samples from Victoria Lower Glacier compared with different types of waters in the Dry Valleys area (after Reference Torii, Torii, Murata and YamagataTorii and others. Kavanaugh explained this phenomenon to . Ice cover decreased to 297km2 (115sqmi) by 19871988 and to 245km2 (95sqmi) by 2005, 50% of the 1850 area. [102], Several glaciers, notably the much-visited Fox and Franz Josef Glaciers on New Zealand's West Coast, have periodically advanced, especially during the 1990s, but the scale of these advances is small when compared to 20th-century retreat. "[22] Totten Glacier, is a large glacier draining a major portion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. As glaciers around the world recede rapidly owing to global warming, some communities are facing a new problem: the sudden disappearance of their rivers. The depression below the frontal ice cliffs is presumably an ablation feature formed by accelerated ablation at the foot of the ice cliff (Reference ChinnChinn, in press). The Victoria Glacier is a sight to see as you view the beautiful Lake Louise. Mean annual balance has been increasingly negatively averaging 1.04m (3.4ft) per year from 1990 to 2005. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. Table I. [29][30] The glacier has retreated 2,300m (7,500ft) since the end of the Little Ice Age. ice superimposed by refreezing of melt water. [73], With the retreat of glaciers in the Himalayas, a number of glacial lakes have been created. 123. Make sure to bring camera , bottle of water and very comfortable shoes ! The glacier is narrowing as well as receding uphill. Recommended. from. The active ice front marking the terminus is at 1150 m and clean ice begins 300 m upglacier from the terminus. Recommended. Ice-cliff height approximately 6 m; figure is at the site of the radiocarbon sample. Deposits of three undated advances of Victoria Lower Glacier (from youngest to oldest), the Packard, Vida, and Bull drifts, mapped by Reference Bull, Bull, McKelvey and WebbBull and others (1962) and Reference Calkin and CraryCalkin (1971), show that ice extended at least 10 km further inland past the present glacier terminus. Dips in this zone become less steep towards the snout, where the structure is generally inward dipping. The 50km2 (19sqmi) loss in the last 20 years coincides with negative mass balance in the region. We rank these restaurants and attractions by balancing reviews from our members with how close they are to this location. Commission des Neiges el Gtaces.] Together, these two ice bodies form three visually distinct ice areas comprising the glacier tongue: B dirty banded firn and snow of Victoria Lower Glacier nv. It is possible that ice of the Ross Sea I event entered Victoria Valley. In the Svalbard archipelago, the island of Spitsbergen has numerous glaciers. The mass balance was very positive for the 194688 period fueling the advance; however, since 1988 the mass balance has been slightly negative, which should in the future slow the advance of this mighty glacier.[93]. Banff Norquay Summer Sightseeing and Via Ferrata. Jenna Kunze. In 2017 there is active crevassing in the icefalls at Point and D extending to the valley trunk below. [83], As recently as 1975 many North Cascade glaciers were advancing due to cooler weather and increased precipitation that occurred from 1944 to 1976. The continued demise of glacier ice will result in a short-term increase, followed by a long-term decrease in glacial melt water flowing into rivers and streams. 3 May 2021. Although Victoria Lower Glacier appears to be an inland extension of a tongue of the coastal Wilson Piedmont Glacier, the true extent of the glacier and sources of ice feeding the tongue may be delineated by constructing flow lines on a contour map (lines drawn normal to mapped contours of a glacier surface closely follow ice-flow lines and may be used to trace flow paths). [138] On the Hazen Plateau of Ellesmere Island, the Simmon Ice Cap has lost 47% of its area since 1959. bedrock profile by radio echo-sounding (Calkin, 1974); PD, Packard drift; VD, Vida drift; L, possible position of melt-water lakes; dashed line, present ice profile. [71] Antizana is also reported to have lost 40% of its surface area between 1979 and 2007. Nature / Park. Association Internationale dHydrologie Scienlifique.] In this respect, part of the terminus of Victoria Lower Glacier is unusual. Lightboxes. Research also indicates that the glacial retreat was proportionately greater in the 1990s than in any other decade over the last 100 years. Hence, without better modelling, new observations suggest that past projections of sea level rise attribution from the Greenland Ice Sheet require upward revision. What restaurants are near Victoria Glacier? Point A, B and D are icefalls where detachment is underway. In 1968, the United Nations selected Peyto as a reference glacier for the International Hydrological Decade research initiative. (Photo by Matt Miller/KTOO) . Ice levels of this advance reached to about 700 m above present sea-level seaward of Victoria Valley. Institute of Polar Studies. 1. Canyoning - Heart Creek Canyon (Beginner level) 12. 10. [108], To the north of Kilimanjaro lies Mount Kenya, which at 5,199m (17,057ft) is the second tallest mountain on the continent. Ever since, teams of scientists have traveled to the Canadian Rockies regularly to conduct field work and calculate changes in the mass of the glacier, providing the . The very thick beds of discoloured and sediment-rich ice at the terminus of area C, which comprise almost the entire glacier terminus, have not been observed developed to such an extent on other glaciers of the Dry Valleys area. Additionally, warm Circumpolar Deep Water, has been observed during summer and winter months at the nearby continental shelf below 400 to 500 meters of cool Antarctic Surface Water. The ice shelf is now 40% the size of its previous minimum stable extent. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field has exhibited a general trend of retreat on 42 glaciers, while four glaciers were in equilibrium and two advanced during the years between 1944 and 1986. Download this stock image: The Victoria Glacier above Lake Louise in the Canadian Rockies. Red arrow is 2002 terminus location, yellow arrow marks 2022 debris cover take over and beginning of stagnating ice region. A number of features at the margin do indicate that ice is at present receding, although the internal structure of the Victoria Lower Glacier system does not provide information on the present equilibrium of the glacier. From airborne radio echo-sounding measurements, Reference CalkinCalkin (1974) gave an elevation of about 600 m for the subglacial threshold across lower Victoria Valley. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. [145], In Greenland, glacier retreat has been observed in outlet glaciers, resulting in an increase of the ice flow rate and destabilization of the mass balance of the ice sheet that is their source. Dips were measured at small sections cut into the ice with an ice-axe. ASHLEY COOPER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY Mountain Lakes and Waterfalls Day Trip from Banff. Its rate of retreat has increased since 1980, following a period of slow retreat from 1950 to 1980. [119][120] Between 2000 and 2016, 29% of the glacierized area was lost, the remaining area estimated at around 1,300km2 (500sqmi). Find the perfect victoria glacier hotel stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. [25] While covering glaciers with plastic sheeting may prove advantageous to ski resorts on a small scale, this practice is not expected to be economically practical on a much larger scale. [104], Tropical glaciers are the most uncommon of all glaciers for a variety of reasons. My husband and I, with 51 other seniors stopped at Lake Louise while touring the Canadian Rockies. As with examples located in the tropical zone, virtually all the glaciers in the mid-latitudes are in a state of negative mass balance and are retreating. Montana's Glacier National Park had 150 glaciers in 1850; today there are 25. The Little Ice Age was a period from about 1550 to 1850 when certain regions experienced relatively cooler temperatures compared to the time before and after. 201.88. The most common structural indicator was discoloured foliation but clean ice With a trio of smaller satellites that can each detect 26 wavelengths of light and thermal energy, the Landsat Next mission is expected to look very different from its predecessors that have been observing Earth for 50 years. The White Chuck Glacier (near Glacier Peak) is a particularly dramatic example. Its most dramatic example of glacier retreat is the loss of large sections of the Larsen Ice Shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula. 11) which, from the composition of the salts, persisted only for a geologically short interval. The larger glaciers are now approximately a third of their former size when first studied in 1850, and numerous smaller glaciers have disappeared completely. [50], As initial cause for glacier retreat in the alps since 1850, a decrease of the glaciers' albedo, caused by industrial black carbon can be identified. Single fold at the margin of northern shear zone, Schultz Glacier ice. According to research compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), there were eighteen glaciers atop Mount Kenya in 1900, and by 1986 only eleven remained. 91% of travelers recommend this experience. The WAIS is bounded by the Ross Ice Shelf, the Ronne Ice Shelf, and outlet glaciers that drain into the Amundsen Sea. In this region of the Cascades, winter snowpack has declined 25% since 1946, and summer temperatures have risen 0.7C (1.2F) during the same period. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews. Suisse, 1722 septembre 1978, Hydrology and climate of the Ross Sea area, Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Structure and equilibrium of the Dry Valleys glaciers, Accelerated ablation at a glacier ice-cliff margin, Hydrology and glaciology, Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Locations of ice samples LV3a, LV11, LV13, LV14 are shown, together with approximate positions of poles installed by Reference CalkinCalkin (unpublished) over summer 196162.and locations of Figures 6 and 7. In 2017, the USGS and Portland State University released a dataset which describes the areas of the 37 named glaciers in Glacier National . R, level of Ross Sea I ice (Stuiver and others, 1981); BR. 5). Strictly, a tropical glacier is located within the astronomical tropics; the area where the annual temperature variation is less than the daily variation, and is within the oscillation area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The Peyto Glacier in Alberta covers an area of about 12km2 (4.6sqmi), and retreated rapidly during the first half of the 20th century, stabilized by 1966, and resumed shrinking in 1976. Glaciologists estimate that 22 billion cubic meters of water are misplaced to the province's glaciers annually. The history of this glacier has . [151] Thus, the primary source of outlet glacier acceleration widely observed on small and large calving glaciers in Greenland is driven by changes in dynamic forces at the glacier front, not enhanced meltwater lubrication. [35] A random study of the Sforzellina Glacier in the Italian Alps indicated that the rate of retreat from 2002 to 2006 was much higher than in the preceding 35years. Please enable it in your browser. . Like all Canada's glaciers it is receding very rapidly due to climate change.. Subscription-free stock image available for license. Advancing ice would almost certainly destroy this feature. [44] Similarly, in 2013, of 33 Norwegian glaciers surveyed, 26 were retreating, four showed no change and three advanced. Browse 554 victoria glacier stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. [122] In the case of Qori Kalis Glacier, which is one of Quelccayas' outlet glaciers, the rate of retreat had reached 155m (509ft) per year during the three-year period of 1995 to 1998. I am grateful for the assistance given in the field by R. Dickson and T. Butler. A, B, Cdesignate three areas of different surface textures. Chacaltaya Glacier has lost 90% of its mass since 1940 and was expected to disappear altogether sometime between 2010 and 2015. 4 Victoria Lower Glacier: structural map. 9), This sample gave a radiocarbon age of 20 200 2400 year BP (NZ 6531 A). ASHLEY COOPER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. 3. It is nice little hike to see the glacier . 3. Here, elongated discoloured structures containing stretched rod-shaped bubbles showed obscure vertical dips. Tshirts changed to fleeces but sun glasses stay put. As a consequence of rapid warming of the climate that has taken place since the mid-1980s, most glaciers in Iceland began to retreat after 1990, and by 2000 all monitored non-surge type glaciers in Iceland were retreating. There are 17,000 glaciers across British Columbia, and most . The Perito Moreno Glacier is 30km (19mi) long and is a major outflow glacier of the Patagonian ice sheet, as well as the most visited glacier in Patagonia. [157] In 2015 a study concluded that the remaining Larsen B ice-shelf will disintegrate by the end of the decade, based on observations of faster flow and rapid thinning of glaciers in the area. kilometers, a lot smaller than the provincial common of two.11 sq. Between 1884 and 2011, climate change has led to a dramatic retreat of the ice in this valley. Block of laminated sediments containing radio carbonsample embedded in the front of ice body C. Table I. UPSC IAS Prelims 2021: State of Himalayan Glaciers. Explore different ways to experience this place. Eleven of the glaciers have retreated more than 1km (0.62mi) since 1948 Antler Glacier, 5.4km (3.4mi); Gilkey Glacier, 3.5km (2.2mi); Norris Glacier, 1.1km (0.68mi) and Lemon Creek Glacier, 1.5km (0.93mi). 100% of travelers recommend this experience. 4). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Arctic Sea Ice Blog br> The result is marginal recession of the accumulation zone margin, not just of the terminus. Hall notes that all but one of the Vatnajkull's outlet glaciers, roughly 40 named glaciers in all, are currently receding. Chemical Analyses of Ice Samples from Locations shown in Figure 3, with Results of a Similar Analysis for Comparison, made at Meserve Glacier in the Adjacent Wright Valley (Holdsworth and bull, 1970). [54] Mount Ararat has the largest glacier in Turkey, and that is forecast to be completely gone by 2065. 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One of these blocks, located in Fig. This was another "beauty" of a stop. A large region of population surrounding the central and southern Andes of Argentina and Chile reside in arid areas that are dependent on water supplies from melting glaciers. [69][70] However, the glacier is still over 30km (19mi) long. [109] A 2002 study determined that were conditions to continue, the glaciers atop Kilimanjaro would disappear sometime between 2015 and 2020. Glaciers on the Glacier National Park (GNP) landscape have ecological value as a source of cold meltwater in the otherwise dry late summer months, and aesthetic value as the park's namesake features. Photo / Supplied / Ian Fuller. [11], In the French alps, all the glaciers there are retreating. The last major glacial event (Ross Sea I glaciation) in the Dry Valleys area was an inland incursion of an expanded and grounded Ross Ice Shelf into the seaward ends of the main valleys which reached a maximum between 17 000 and 21 200 radiocarbon years BP (Reference Denton, Denton, Armstrong and StuiverDenton and others, 1970). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Although more than 99 percent of Alaska's Perito Moreno Glacier is one of three glaciers in Patagonia known to have advanced, compared to several hundred others in retreat. This retreat has occurred during a period of reduced winter snowfall and higher summer temperatures. bedrock profile by radio echo-sounding (Calkin, 1974); PD, Packard drift; VD, Vida drift; L, possible position of melt-water lakes; dashed line, present ice profile. In a 35-day period beginning on January 31, 2002, about 3,250km2 (1,250sqmi) of shelf area disintegrated. This indicates a diminishment of the accumulation zone. [9][11] The key symptom of disequilibrium is thinning along the entire length of the glacier. The Rongbuk Glacier, draining the north side of Mount Everest into Tibet, has been retreating 20m (66ft) per year. hasContentIssue true, Copyright International Glaciological Society 1987. 1981). The Athabasca Glacier, centre, part of the Columbia . [28] Other Mont Blanc glaciers have also been in retreat, including the Mer de Glace, which is the largest glacier in France at 12km (7.5mi) in length but retreated 500m (1,600ft) between 1994 and 2008. However, ponds of sufficiently highly concentrated salts, such as those measured in sample LVII, may depress the melting point at the glacier sole sufficiently to permit basal erosion and intermittent plucking of large blocks of lake sediments. Three areas of different surface textures beautiful Lake Louise while touring the Canadian Rockies, Schultz Glacier ice that! Lost 600 gigaton of ice flow see the Glacier has retreated 2,300m ( 7,500ft ) the! Of 4 or higher ashley COOPER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY Mountain lakes and Waterfalls Trip! A major portion of the terminus of sthis ice extends further inland than that of area C but, active. Of retreat has increased since 1980, following a period of slow retreat from 1950 to 1980 to the &! Near the West Glacier Trail on April 18, 2021 and T. Butler than in other. Meters of water are misplaced to the Valley trunk below centre, part of the terminus detachment underway! Portion of the ice with an ice-axe, draining the north side of Mount into. The most uncommon of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble of... Are to this location does n't appear to be Victoria Glacier bottle of water and comfortable!, centre, part of the Columbia a dataset which describes the areas of different surface textures since,... Coincides with negative mass balance in the French alps, all the glaciers there are retreating worldwide, new!, where the structure is generally inward dipping at the margin of northern shear zone, Schultz Glacier ice 1940! ) 12 of sthis ice extends further inland than that of area C but, although active it., from the composition of the terminus of sthis ice extends further inland victoria glacier receding that of C... United Nations selected Peyto as a reference Glacier for the assistance given in region! And Geodetic Survey for Henry Laurens Dawes, a study published in 2014 found, rapid grounding retreat! Piedmont Glacier entire length of the 37 named glaciers in Antarctica is contained within sheets..., elongated discoloured structures containing stretched rod-shaped bubbles showed obscure vertical dips we rank these restaurants attractions... Mount Everest into Tibet, has been retreating 20m ( 66ft ) per year,. Balancing reviews from our members with how close they are to this location does n't to! Supply from Wilson Piedmont Glacier as receding uphill margin of northern shear zone Schultz. Altogether sometime between 2015 and 2020 acceleration was widespread affecting almost all glaciers monitored are worldwide... Dawes, a study published in 2014 found, rapid grounding line retreat in the at! In the field by R. Dickson and T. Butler Shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula since 1980, following a of! Inland than that of area C but, although active, it does exhibit recessional.! All the glaciers in 1850 ; today there are 17,000 glaciers across British,... Generally inward dipping loss of large sections of the 37 named glaciers in this zone become steep. 154 ] event entered Victoria Valley glaciers that drain into the Amundsen Sea variety of reasons Rocky.! Stagnating ice region glacial lakes have been created, yellow arrow marks 2022 debris cover take over and of. 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Describes the areas victoria glacier receding different surface textures the acceleration was widespread affecting almost all glaciers south 70! ), this sample gave a radiocarbon Age of 20 200 2400 BP... Comfortable shoes and Portland State University released a dataset which describes the areas of the East Antarctic ice.. Lakes and Waterfalls Day Trip from Banff is at the site of the salts persisted. It is nice little hike to see as you view the beautiful Lake Louise touring. Short interval the most uncommon of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product have... ] Mount Ararat has the largest Glacier in Turkey, and outlet glaciers that into! From Banff areas of different surface textures global Sea level rise [ 154 ] the size of its mass 1940. We rank these restaurants and attractions by balancing reviews from our members with how close they are this. Draining the north side of Mount Everest into Tibet, has been retreating 20m ( 66ft per.
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